Suicide is a devastating public health crisis that affects millions of lives around the world each year. As one of the leading causes of death, particularly among young people, suicide leaves a profound impact on families, friends, and their communities. By understanding the warning signs of a suicidal crisis, suicide prevention, resources, and taking action, we all have the power to save lives.
Discussing suicidal thoughts is a delicate and sensitive topic, but it holds immense importance for both people experiencing these thoughts and those who care about them. By approaching this subject with compassion and awareness, we can better support those in distress and encourage a more informed, empathetic response to mental health crises.
What Are Suicidal Thoughts?
Suicidal thoughts, also known as suicidal ideation, refer to thoughts or ideas about ending one’s own life.[1] These thoughts can range from fleeting ideas to detailed plans. People experiencing suicidal thoughts might feel overwhelmed, hopeless, or trapped, and these thoughts can vary in intensity and frequency.
Suicidal thoughts can occur in various mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety disorders, or severe stress.[2] However, having such thoughts doesn’t mean a person will act on them — it’s a signal that someone might be struggling and needs support.
Suicidal ideation can be categorized into active and passive forms.[3] Active suicidal ideation involves explicit thoughts and plans about ending one’s life, such as considering methods or making preparations. This form of ideation often signifies a more immediate risk and requires urgent intervention. In contrast, passive suicidal ideation refers to thoughts of wishing one was dead or feeling that life is not worth living, without specific plans or intentions to act on these feelings. While passive ideation might seem less immediate, it still indicates significant distress and the need for support.
What Are Some Common Misconceptions About Suicidal Thoughts?
Misconceptions about suicidal thoughts can contribute to the stigma surrounding suicide and prevent those who are struggling from seeking the help they need: [4, 5]
- “People who talk about suicide are just seeking attention.” This is a dangerous misconception. Many people who express suicidal thoughts are genuinely in distress and may be reaching out for help. Taking such statements seriously and providing support is important.
- “Suicidal thoughts are a sign of weakness.” Suicidal thoughts are often a result of overwhelming emotional pain and mental health struggles, not a reflection of personal weakness. Mental health issues can affect anyone, regardless of their strength or resilience.
- “Only people with mental illnesses have suicidal thoughts.” While mental illnesses like depression and anxiety are common triggers, suicidal thoughts can also arise from significant life stressors, trauma, or other situational factors. Mental health issues and situational factors can intersect, making it important to address both.
- “Once someone is feeling better, they are no longer at risk.” Recovery from suicidal thoughts can be an ongoing process. Even if someone seems to be doing better, they may still need continued support and monitoring to ensure their safety and well-being.
- “If someone has a plan to end their life, they are unlikely to seek help.” Having a plan does increase the risk of suicide, but it doesn’t mean someone won’t seek help. Many people with detailed plans still reach out for support, and addressing these thoughts promptly can prevent them from being acted upon.
- “Suicide is a selfish act.” This perspective fails to acknowledge the profound pain and mental suffering that individuals may experience. Understanding the depth of their struggle can foster empathy and support rather than judgment.
What are the Risk Factors and Warning Signs for Suicide?
Understanding the risk factors and warning signs for suicide could save a life by identifying someone who might be in need of support, such as:
Suicide Risk Factors [6]
- Mental health conditions: Disorders such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia can significantly increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
- Substance abuse: Alcohol and drug use can impair judgment and increase impulsivity, making suicidal behavior more likely.
- Previous suicide attempt: A history of suicide attempts or self-harm is a strong risk factor for future suicidal behavior.
- Trauma and abuse: Experiencing trauma, abuse, or significant stressors, such as domestic violence or sexual abuse, can elevate suicide risk.
- Grief and loss: The death of a loved one or the end of a significant relationship can trigger profound emotional pain and grief that may lead to suicidal thoughts.
- Isolation: Social isolation or lack of a support network can worsen feelings of loneliness and hopelessness.
- Recent Stressful Events: Major life changes or stressors, such as financial problems, legal issues, or job loss, can increase suicidal risk.
Suicide Warning Signs[7]
- Verbal statements: Direct statements about wanting to die, feeling hopeless, or expressing a desire to end one’s life.
- Behavioral changes: Noticeable changes in behavior, such as withdrawal from social activities, increased use of substances, or a sudden calm after a period of depression.
- Preoccupation with death: Frequent talk about death, dying, or suicide, or an obsession with themes of mortality in their conversations or writings.
- Mood swings: Extreme mood swings, including sudden shifts from depression to euphoria, which can indicate a decision has been made to act on suicidal thoughts.
- Giving away possessions: Distributing personal belongings or making final arrangements may indicate preparation for suicide.
- Risky behavior: Engaging in reckless or self-destructive behavior, such as dangerous driving or self-harm, may be a sign of deep distress.
What Should You Do if You’re Struggling with Suicidal Thoughts?
If you’re experiencing suicidal thoughts, seek immediate help and utilize available resources to ensure your safety and well-being. Share your feelings with a friend, family member, or loved one. Simply sharing what you’re experiencing can bring some relief, lead to further support, and prevent suicide.
Suicide Prevention Efforts
In the U.S., crisis hotlines are available for immediate assistance. The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline can be reached by calling or texting 988, offering free, 24/7 and confidential help. Another option is the Crisis Text Line, where you can text HELLO to 741741 to connect with a trained crisis counselor at any time. If you are in immediate danger or need urgent assistance, don’t hesitate to call emergency services by dialing 911 or go to the nearest emergency room.
Safety Plans
Creating a safety plan can help manage your thoughts and feelings. Identify what triggers your suicidal thoughts and try to avoid these triggers. Develop a list of contacts, including phone numbers of friends, family members, and mental health professionals who can offer support. Also, create safe spaces where you feel comfortable, whether that’s at your home or a favorite spot close by, and go there when feeling overwhelmed.
When to Use Emergency Services
If you have a plan to harm yourself, have already begun to carry it out, or are in a situation where you feel you can’t keep yourself safe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately.
What Kinds of Treatment Are Available for Depression and Suicidal Thoughts?
Treating depression and suicidal thoughts typically involves a combination of therapy, medication, and holistic approaches. Therapy is a cornerstone of treatment, with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) demonstrating effectiveness. CBT helps people identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors, and several other kinds of therapy have also been shown as effective in treating depression and suicidal ideation.[9]
Mental Health Medications
Medications, such as antidepressants, can help balance chemicals in the brain that affect mood as well. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are commonly prescribed for depression and suicidal thoughts. Medication is often most effective when combined with therapy, as it addresses biochemical imbalances while therapy tackles the psychological and behavioral aspects.
Treatment Programs
Clear Behavioral Health offers several unique programs and a full spectrum of mental health care to support people dealing with depression and suicidal thoughts. These include:
- Residential Mental Health Treatment: Provides intensive, round-the-clock care in a supportive environment. Ideal for those needing a structured, therapeutic setting for recovery.
- Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP): Offers a high level of care with daily therapy sessions but allows people to return home each evening.
- Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP): Provides flexible treatment options with several weekly sessions, balancing therapy and personal responsibilities.
- Virtual IOP: Delivers intensive outpatient services through our online platform, making therapy accessible from any device.
- Outpatient Mental Health Program for Teens: Focuses on the unique needs of adolescents, offering tailored support and therapy in a more flexible environment.
Self-Care Practices
Self-care is an important component of managing depression and suicidal thoughts, complementing professional treatment and therapy. Engaging in regular physical activity, such as walking or exercising, can significantly boost your mood and energy levels. Establishing a daily routine and getting sufficient sleep are great ways to practice self-care, as a lack of rest can intensify mental health issues.
Avoiding alcohol and recreational drugs is also important, as these substances can worsen symptoms and disrupt your healing. Building and maintaining supportive relationships with friends and family also provides emotional stability and encouragement. Incorporating these self-care practices into your daily life will enhance your resilience and support your journey toward mental wellness.
How Can I Support a Loved One Struggling with Suicidal Thoughts?
Supporting a loved one who is struggling with suicidal thoughts can be difficult, but your presence and care are incredibly important. Start by showing your concern and offering your support, making it clear that they don’t have to face this challenge alone. Be ready to listen empathetically and validate their feelings, showing that their emotions are understood and significant. Encourage them to seek professional help from a therapist or counselor who can provide specialized support.
Avoid minimizing their feelings or using judgmental language, as this can increase their sense of isolation and guilt. Instead of giving unsolicited advice or telling them to just think positively, focus on practical support. Offer help with daily tasks, accompany them to appointments, and work to create a safe and comforting environment. Encourage them to participate in activities that could improve their mood and assist them in finding mental health resources.
Taking care of your own mental health is important, as well. Set boundaries to avoid burnout, seek support from therapists or support groups, and engage in self-care activities that help you relax and recharge. Staying informed about mental health can further enhance your ability to support your loved one while ensuring you maintain your well-being.
Hope for the Future
Supporting someone through a difficult time can have a major impact. Encourage your loved one to seek professional help and remind them that resources are available to assist them on their journey.
If you, or someone you know is struggling with suicidal thoughts, depression, or feelings of hopelessness, our empathetic team at Clear is here to provide support. Our full range of mental health treatment programs including residential mental health treatment, outpatient programs, teen mental health treatment, and virtual IOP offer immediate suicide prevention services to help you work through your condition. Our services are offered in-network with most insurance providers, so you can focus on what’s important, your mental health. Give us a call to get support today.
References:
- Mayo Clinic. (2018). Suicide and suicidal thoughts – Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/suicide/symptoms-causes/syc-20378048 on August 31, 2024
- Brådvik, L. (2018). Suicide Risk and Mental Disorders. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(9), 2028. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6165520/ on August 31, 2024
- Harmer, B., Lee, S., Duong, T. vi H., & Saadabadi, A. (2024, April 20). Suicidal ideation. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK565877/ on August 31, 2024
- Nicholas, A., Niederkrotenthaler, T., Reavley, N., Pirkis, J., Jorm, A., & Spittal, M. J. (2020). Belief in suicide prevention myths and its effect on helping: a nationally representative survey of Australian adults. BMC Psychiatry, 20(1). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7296674/ on August 31, 2024
- Sharma, P. (2021, December 20). 8 common myths about suicide. Mayo Clinic Health System. https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/8-common-myths-about-suicide on August 31, 2024
- CDC. (2024, April 25). Risk and Protective Factors for Suicide. Suicide Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/suicide/risk-factors/index.html on August 31, 2024
- National Institute of Mental Health. (2022). Warning Signs of Suicide. Www.nimh.nih.gov. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/warning-signs-of-suicide on August 31, 2024
- Stanley, B., Brown, G., Brent, D. A., Wells, K., Poling, K., Curry, J., Kennard, B. D., Wagner, A., Cwik, M. F., Klomek, A. B., Goldstein, T., Vitiello, B., Barnett, S., Daniel, S., & Hughes, J. (2009). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Suicide Prevention (CBT-SP): Treatment Model, Feasibility, and Acceptability. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(10), 1005–1013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888910/ on August 31, 2024
- Sufrate-Sorzano, T., Iván Santolalla-Arnedo, María Elena Garrote-Cámara, Angulo-Nalda, B., Cotelo-Sáenz, R., Pastells-Peiró, R., Bellon, F., Blanco-Blanco, J., Raúl Juárez-Vela, & Molina, F. (2023). Interventions of choice for the prevention and treatment of suicidal behaviours: An umbrella review. Nursing Open, 10(8), 4959–4970. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10333855/ on August 31, 2024
