What Causes Mental Illness?

Mental illness is an epidemic that requires understanding, attention, and care to reduce the stigma and allow those affected the support and treatment needed to heal. Recent research indicates that 22.8% of US adults, or 1 in 5 people, experienced mental illness in 2021. Meanwhile, 5.5% of US adults experienced what is categorized as a serious mental illness in 2021, representing 1 in 20 adults.

Furthermore, 16.5% of US youth aged 6-17 experienced a mental health disorder in 2016 (or 7.7 million youth) [1]. The importance of treatment and prevention of mental illness has never been more critical. To treat most mental illnesses, we must first consider the underlying causes of mental health disorders.

At Clear Behavioral Health, we offer an array of services to help diagnose and treat mental health conditions. Our expert team of psychiatrists, nurse practitioners, and therapists conduct thorough mental health assessments to understand the underlying causes of mental health disorders. In turn, we create highly individualized treatment plans to heal mental health symptoms and mend underlying issues.

With our online programs, outpatient mental health treatment, and residential programs, we are here to help you understand your mental illness and receive highly individualized care.

What is Mental Illness?

Mental illness is defined by the American Psychiatry Association, as “health conditions involving significant changes in thinking, emotion and/or behavior as well as distress and/or problems functioning in social, work or family activities” [2].

Mental illness is a broad term to describe mental health conditions that may cause disruptions in your thinking, feelings and behaviors. These disruptions often cause people to struggle with their relationships—with themselves, others, and the world around them. Socioeconomic factors can also play a significant role, with research indicating a strong link between social and economic inequality and poor mental health.

What Causes Mental Illness? 

There is no single cause of mental health disorders; rather, mental illness is caused by multiple risk factors, including biological, environmental, and psychological influences.

Understanding the various underlying causes of mental illness helps to create effective and long-term treatment plans. Every case of mental illness is unique to the individual, so a holistic and individualized approach for treatment and prevention is needed [2].

What Are “Biopsychosocial” Factors? 

Mental illness is usually developed through what is called “biopsychosocial” factors—or a combination of biological, psychological and environmental causes. Common mental disorders like depression, anxiety, ADHD, bipolar disorder, and more are often a result of genetic variation, psychological factors, childhood trauma, and ongoing societal or cultural pressures [3]. 

Biological Factors 

You may develop mental illness from biological influences, such as genetics and family history. Specific genes associated with mental disorders influence the development of mental health illness as they affect brain chemistry, neurotransmitter imbalances, and brain structure abnormalities. Hormonal influences and prenatal factors, including developmental issues, may also greatly influence the development of mental health illness.

Genetic variations can impact how your genes are turned “on” and “off” throughout your life and can play a role in the onset of some mental illnesses [3]. If you or a relative has one of these rare variants, don’t hesitate to reach out to a health care provider about the associated risks and appropriate mental health treatment. 

Psychological Factors 

In addition to biological factors, psychological influences cause the development of mental illness. Psychological factors include personality traits and coping mechanisms, cognitive patterns and beliefs, emotional regulation abilities, and self-esteem and self-perception issues.

Psychological causes of mental illness are often addressed through individual therapy so that patients can unlearn maladaptive thought patterns and replace negative thoughts with compassion and grace. 

Environmental Factors 

Finally, environmental factors contribute greatly to the development of mental illness. These factors include an individual’s childhood experiences and upbringing as well as ongoing societal influences. It is well researched that trauma and abuse, as well as neglect and attachment issues, have a severe impact on an individual’s mental health into adulthood and throughout their lives.

Many people spend a great deal of their lives ignoring negative childhood experiences, which can magnify mental health symptoms and ultimately disrupt their functioning. In addition to childhood trauma, ongoing life events or stressors may contribute to mental health illness, including loss and grief, major life changes, or chronic stress.  

Environmental factors include not only types of trauma and life stressors, but also broader social and cultural influences. Societal pressures and expectations and cultural attitudes towards mental health have also been linked to the development of mental health conditions. For instance, “grind culture” often leads to extreme burnout and stress among working individuals.

In cultures where mental health is ignored or stigmatized, individuals often live in denial about their mental illness, which can prevent them from seeking help and worsen their symptoms [4]. 

Types of Mental Illnesses

Mental illnesses can be broadly categorized into several types, each with its own unique characteristics and challenges. Understanding these categories can help recognize and address mental health concerns effectively.

1. Anxiety Disorders: These disorders are characterized by excessive fear, anxiety, or avoidance of anxiety-provoking objects, places, or situations. Common examples include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder.
2. Mood Disorders: Mood disorders involve disturbances in mood, leading to conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder, and mood swings. These disorders can significantly impact daily functioning and quality of life.
3. Personality Disorders: These disorders are marked by enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate markedly from cultural norms. Examples include borderline personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder.
4. Psychotic Disorders: Psychotic disorders involve a disconnection from reality, manifesting as hallucinations, delusions, and impaired thinking. Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and brief psychotic disorder are common examples of this type of mental illness.
5. Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders: These mental disorders result from exposure to traumatic or stressful events. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder are notable examples, often requiring specialized treatment.
6. Neurodevelopmental Disorders: These disorders involve developmental delays or impairments, such as autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disability. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing these conditions.
7. Impulse Control and Conduct Disorders: These disorders are characterized by difficulty controlling impulses or behaviors, leading to mental health conditions like intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, and conduct disorder.
8. Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: These disorders involve the misuse of substances or engagement in addictive behaviors, such as substance use disorder and gambling disorder. Addressing these issues often requires comprehensive mental health treatment plans.

Symptoms and Warning Signs of Mental Illness

Recognizing the symptoms and warning signs of mental illnesses can help for early intervention and effective treatment. While symptoms can vary widely, some common indicators include:

1. Changes in Mood or Behavior: Sudden irritability, anxiety, or depression can be signs of underlying mental health issues. These changes may be noticeable to both the individual and those around them.
2. Changes in Appetite or Sleep Patterns: Insomnia, oversleeping, or significant changes in appetite can indicate mental illness problems. These symptoms often accompany mood disorders and anxiety.
3. Difficulty Concentrating or Making Decisions: Trouble focusing, memory problems, or difficulty making decisions can be warning signs of mental illnesses such as depression or anxiety disorders.
4. Withdrawal from Social Activities: Avoiding friends, family, or social events can be a sign of mental health issues. Social withdrawal is common in conditions like depression and social anxiety disorder.
5. Increased Anxiety or Fear: Excessive worry, fear, or anxiety can be symptoms of anxiety disorders. These feelings can be overwhelming and interfere with daily life.
6. Physical Symptoms: Headaches, stomach problems, or chronic pain can be manifestations of mental health issues. These physical symptoms often accompany conditions like anxiety and depression.
7. Substance Abuse: Using substances to cope with emotions or stress can be a sign of underlying mental health problems. Substance abuse often co-occurs with mental illnesses, requiring integrated treatment approaches such as dual diagnosis treatment.
8. Suicidal Thoughts or Behaviors: Talking about suicide, making plans, or attempting suicide are serious warning signs that require immediate attention. If you or someone you know is experiencing suicidal thoughts, seek help from a qualified mental health professional immediately.

Diagnosing and Treating Mental Illness

Diagnosing mental illness involves a comprehensive evaluation by a qualified mental health professional. This process typically includes:

1. Medical History and Physical Exam: A thorough medical history and physical exam help rule out underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to symptoms. This step ensures that the diagnosis is accurate and comprehensive.
2. Psychological Evaluation: A psychological evaluation assesses mental health symptoms, behaviors, and thought patterns. This evaluation helps identify specific mental health disorders and guides the development of a treatment plan.
3. Diagnostic Criteria: Mental health professionals use diagnostic criteria, such as those outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), to determine the presence of a mental disorder. These criteria provide a standardized framework for diagnosis.

Treatment for mental illness typically involves a combination of approaches, tailored to the individual’s needs:

1. Therapy: Individual, group, or family therapy addresses underlying mental health issues and helps develop healthy coping skills. Therapy provides a safe space to explore your thoughts and emotions and work towards healing.
2. Medications: Medications such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, or mood stabilizers can help manage mental illness symptoms. A qualified mental health professional will determine the appropriate medication and dosage.
3. Peer Support: Support groups, counseling, or peer support provide emotional support and connection. Building a strong support network is essential for recovery and well-being.
4. Education: Learning about the mental disorder, its symptoms, and treatment options empowers you to take an active role in your mental health recovery. Education helps reduce stigma around the mental health condition and promotes understanding.
5. Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, healthy eating, and stress management, including holistic therapies such as yoga and meditation, can promote overall well-being. These lifestyle changes support mental health and enhance the effectiveness of other treatments.

Preventing Mental Illness

While some mental illnesses may not be entirely preventable, there are steps you can take to reduce the risk of developing a mental disorder:

1. Practicing Stress Management Techniques: Techniques such as meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises can help manage stress and promote relaxation. Regular practice of these techniques can improve mental health and resilience.
2. Engaging in Regular Exercise: Physical activity promotes both physical and mental well-being. Regular exercise can reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression and improve overall mood.
3. Eating a Healthy Diet: A balanced diet provides essential nutrients for brain health. Eating a variety of nutrient-rich foods supports mental health and overall well-being.
4. Getting Enough Sleep: Adequate sleep is crucial for rest and relaxation. Establishing a regular sleep routine and creating a restful sleep environment can improve sleep quality and mental health.
5. Building Strong Social Connections: Strong social connections provide emotional support and a sense of belonging. Maintaining healthy relationships and seeking social support can protect against mental health issues.
6. Seeking Professional Help: If you are experiencing symptoms of a mental disorder or struggling with mental health concerns, seek help from a qualified mental health professional. Early intervention can prevent symptoms from worsening and improve outcomes.

Reducing Stigma and Promoting Mental Health Awareness

Reducing stigma and promoting mental health awareness can encourage you to seek help and promote overall mental health. Here are some ways to contribute to this important cause:

1. Education: Learning about mental health, mental disorders, and treatment options can reduce stigma and promote understanding. Educating yourself and others helps create a more supportive and informed community.
2. Awareness Campaigns: Participating in or supporting mental health awareness campaigns can help spread important information and reduce stigma. These campaigns raise awareness about mental health issues and encourage you or a loved one to seek help.
3. Supporting Mental Health Initiatives: Advocacy groups, support groups, and mental health services play a vital role in promoting mental health awareness and providing support. Supporting these initiatives can make a significant impact.
4. Encouraging Open Conversation: Talking openly about mental health and mental illness can reduce stigma and promote understanding. Encouraging open and honest conversations helps create a supportive environment for those struggling with mental health issues.
5. Promoting Inclusivity and Diversity: Promoting mental health awareness and reducing stigma in diverse communities is an important initiative to support. Inclusivity and diversity ensure that all individuals have access to mental health resources and support.

By promoting mental health awareness and reducing stigma, we can encourage individuals to seek help and promote overall mental health and well-being. Together, we can create a more supportive and understanding society.

How Clear Behavioral Health Can Help You 

At Clear Behavioral Health, we understand the importance of addressing not only mental health symptoms but also the underlying causes of mental health illness. With thorough mental health assessments and guidance from our team of experts, our services are holistic and tailored to your individual needs to ensure long-term healing.  

There is no one-size-fits-all approach to mental health treatment and care, which is why Clear provides an array of services to meet your unique mental health needs. We offer residential programs for intensive care, outpatient programs for ongoing support, and virtual programs to help you balance treatment with the demands of daily life.

We also offer teen programs to help teens with their mental health conditions and navigate the unique challenges faced by adolescents. Mental health illness is often experienced in tandem with substance abuse and addiction, we offer a dual diagnosis program to help you mend your mental health disorder and any corresponding substance dependencies to achieve full mind-body healing. 

Our team of clinicians, nurse practitioners, and therapists has expertise in treating an array of mental health disorders for adults and teens, including depression, anxiety, ADHD, stress and burnout, trauma and PTSD, and more. Whichever symptoms you’re experiencing, we arehere to help. 

No matter your diagnosis or chosen program, you will have access to a spectrum of evidence-based services. To address the biological causes of your mental illness, you will receive psychiatric care and medication management. To mend psychological factors associated with your illness, you will receive individual therapy to challenge and unlearn unhealthy thought patterns. To address environmental factors, you will participate in group therapy to discuss societal pressures and events that contribute to widespread stress and anxiety. It is our mission as mental health providers to help you build resilience. To do so, we provide psychiatric care, teach essential life skills, and foster community so that you can find a sense of inner balance and reclaim your mental wellness.  

Mental illness is multifaceted and is caused by a combination of biological, psychological, and social/environmental factors; thus, the most effective treatment plans are multifaceted and focus on uncovering underlying mental health issues. If you are experiencing symptoms of mental illness, don’t hesitate to seek professional help.

At Clear, we will help you find the right level of care that will best support your mental health needs. Give us a call today to book your free mental health assessment or to learn more about our treatment programs for mental health and addiction disorders.

References

1. National Institute of Health. Mental Illness. Retrieved from  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/mental-illness 
2. American Psychiatric Association. What is Mental Illness? Retrieved from https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/what-is-mental-illness 
3. National Institute of Health (2015, May). Common Genetic Factors Found in 5 Mental Disorders. Retrieved from https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/common-genetic-factors-found-5-mental-disorders 
4. National Institute of Health. Culture Counts: The Influence of Culture and Society on Mental Health. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK44249/